Your body mass is so much more than the sum of the mass of your insides!

  • Did you know?  The rest-mass (also called invariant mass (m0)) of all particles that make up your body, like the quarks, electrons, leptons, and all other fundamental particles in your body, will not add up to your measured actual-mass.
  • The measured mass of your body is your actual-mass that feels the gravitational tug with any nearby mass, as per Newton’s laws. It’s the mass you infer from a weighing scale.
  • Why this discrepancy?  Because without your explicit knowledge, many of these particles, e.g., quarks, are zipping around in their confined space (e.g., inside a proton or atom) at velocities that are significantly close to the speed of light.
  • Because of the high speed from being confined in a strong potential, the actual-mass becomes much higher than the corresponding rest-mass.  Even protons and neutrons move at high average velocities, as do electrons confined near an atom’s nucleus. in a very real sense, most of the mass of you, me, and everything around us is energy trapped inside protons and neutrons.
  • Einstein’s equation E=mc^2 indicates that the actual-mass (m) increases significantly beyond the rest mass (m0) of any object when that object gains energy or is placed in a potential.  The mass increase becomes noticeable as the object (particle) speeds beyond 50% of the speed of light (c).    Electrons can reach even 0.6c. Where, c is the speed of light. Quarks reach much higher speeds (these called relativistic speeds).  Electrons and quarks are associated with very high momenta and energies, and classical calculations correspond to very high speeds, but quantum mechanics tells us that their behavior is more subtle than tiny particles simply racing around in circular orbits.
  • If you at this moment ask why strong potentials should produce any speed at all? it’s a consequence of logic and the uncertainty principle. We don’t know why the uncertainty principle exists, but it does.
  • Energy and mass are tricky!   Energy efficiency on the levels at which we use it is tricky.
  • Compact megawatt heating systems now available achieve over 98% energy efficiency. The return on investment is quick, especially when you factor in the cost of emitting toxic pollutants such as CO2, methane, NOx, SO2, and soot.
  • One of the fastest ways to cut emissions and boost energy efficiency and productivity is by reducing friction and electrifying industrial heating with the Compact Electric Airtorch®, MightySteam®, and the  CleanElectricFlame®.