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To order a Control Panel, please specify the number of phases, supply voltage, and power required from the Panel (KW).

MHI will  contact you for details of SCR, Soft Start, and ratings such as UL, cUL, CE

THREE-PHASE LOADS

Two circuits—Delta and Wye — maintain an equal load across the three hot wires in a 3-phase system.  The Delta configuration has the three phases connected like a triangle, whereas the Wye (or “star”) configuration has all three loads connected at a single neutral point.

Delta Configuration 

R = R1 = R2 = R3 (Balanced Load)
Power = 3(VP2)/R=3(VL2)/R

Power-Delta = 1.73 x VL x IL

IP = IL/1.73
VP = VL

Wye Configuration

R = R1 = R2 = R3 (Balanced Load)
Power = (VL2)/R = 3(VP2)/R 

Power-Wye = 1.73 x VL x IP
IP = IL
VP = VL/1.73

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————-

3 Phase Open Delta (Open Delta 6 Wire)

3 Phase Closed Delta ( 3 Wire)

FIG. 2,171                 

Please study the diagrams above for the Delta and Wye (star) systems.  Delta systems have four wires—three hot and one ground.  Wye systems can have five wires—three hot, one neutral, and one ground.  One mainly sees Delta used for large motors or heaters that may not need a neutral.  Wye systems can also offer 120/208 V between the hot wire and neutral and 240/415 V  (VP = VL/1.73).  When required, the Wye system’s neutral wire could provide two different voltages and power both 3-phase and single-phase devices.  Delta connections are usually seen in power transmission; transformers are often wired as Delta-Wye. This creates the neutral, allowing the transformer to deliver power for single-phase loads if required.

The values below are only typical.  Please verify with local codes and local electricians.

Country

Three-phase voltage

(Volts)

Frequency

(Hertz)

Number of wires

(Not counting the ground wire)
USA 120/208V // 277/480V // 120/240V // 240/415V  //277V/ 480 V 60 Hz 3,4  (Check County)
Abu Dhabi 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Afghanistan 380 V 50 Hz 4
Albania 400 V 50 Hz 4
Algeria 400 V 50 Hz 4
American Samoa 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Andorra 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Angola 380 V 50 Hz 4
Anguilla 120/208 V / 127/220 V / 240/415 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Antigua and Barbuda 400 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Argentina 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Armenia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Aruba 220 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Australia 400 V, 240/415V 50 Hz 3, 4
Austria 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Azerbaijan 380 V 50 Hz 4
Azores 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Bahamas 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Bahrain 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Balearic Islands 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Bangladesh 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Barbados 200 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Belarus 380 V 50 Hz 4
Belgium 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Belize 190 V / 380 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Benin 380 V 50 Hz 4
Bermuda 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Bhutan 400 V 50 Hz 4
Bolivia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Bonaire 220 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Bosnia & Herzegovina 400 V 50 Hz 4
Botswana 400 V 50 Hz 4
Brazil 220 V / 380 V 60 Hz 3, 4
The British Virgin Islands 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Brunei 415 V 50 Hz 4
Bulgaria 400 V 50 Hz 4
Burkina Faso 380 V 50 Hz 4
Burma (officially Myanmar) 400 V 50 Hz 4
Burundi 380 V 50 Hz 4
Cambodia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Cameroon 380 V 50 Hz 4
Canada 120/208 V / 240 V / 480 V / 347/600 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Canary Islands 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Cape Verde 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Cayman Islands 240 V 60 Hz 3
Central African Republic 380 V 50 Hz 4
Chad 380 V 50 Hz 4
Channel Islands (Guernsey & Jersey) 415 V 50 Hz 4
Chile 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
China, People’s Republic of 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Colombia 220 V / 440 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Comoros 380 V 50 Hz 4
Congo, Democratic Republic of 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Congo, People’s Republic of 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Cook Islands 415 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Costa Rica 240 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Croatia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Cuba 190 V 60 Hz 3
Curaçao 220 V / 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Cyprus 400 V 50 Hz 4
Czech Republic 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Denmark 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Djibouti 380 V 50 Hz 4
Dominica 400 V 50 Hz 4
Dominican Republic 120/208 V / 277/480 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Dubai 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
East Timor (Timor-Leste) 380 V 50 Hz 4
Ecuador 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Egypt 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
El Salvador 200 V 60 Hz 3
England 415 V 50 Hz 4
Eritrea 400 V 50 Hz 4
Estonia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Ethiopia 380 V 50 Hz 4
Faeroe Islands 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Falkland Islands 415 V 50 Hz 4
Fiji 415 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Finland 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
France 400 V 50 Hz 4
French Guiana 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Gabon (Gabonese Republic) 380 V 50 Hz 4
The Gambia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Gaza 400 V 50 Hz 4
Georgia 380 V 50 Hz 4
Germany 400 V 50 Hz 4
Ghana 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Gibraltar 400 V 50 Hz 4
Great Britain (GB) 415 V 50 Hz 4
Greece 400 V 50 Hz 4
Greenland 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Grenada 400 V 50 Hz 4
Guadeloupe 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Guam 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Guatemala 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Guinea 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Guinea-Bissau 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Guyana 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Haiti 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Holland (officially the Netherlands) 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Honduras 208 V / 230 V / 240 V / 460 V / 480 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Hong Kong 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Hungary 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Iceland 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
India 400 V 50 Hz 4
Indonesia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Iraq 400 V 50 Hz 4
Ireland (Eire) 415 V 50 Hz 4
Ireland, Northern 415 V 50 Hz 4
Isle of Man 415 V 50 Hz 4
Israel 400 V 50 Hz 4
Italy 400 V 50 Hz 4
Jamaica 190 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Japan 200 V/690 V 50 Hz / 60 Hz 3
Jordan 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Kazakhstan 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Kenya 415 V 50 Hz 4
Korea, North 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Korea, South 380 V 60 Hz 4
Kosovo 230 V / 400 V 50 Hz 3
Kuwait 415 V 50 Hz 4
Kyrgyzstan 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Laos 400 V 50 Hz 4
Latvia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Lebanon 400 V 50 Hz 4
Lesotho 380 V 50 Hz 4
Liberia 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Libya 400 V 50 Hz 4
Liechtenstein 400 V 50 Hz 4
Lithuania 400 V 50 Hz 4
Luxembourg 400 V 50 Hz 4
Macau 380 V 50 Hz 3
Macedonia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Madagascar 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Madeira 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Malawi 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Malaysia 415 V 50 Hz 4
Maldives 400 V 50 Hz 4
Mali 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Malta 400 V 50 Hz 4
Martinique 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Mauritania 220 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Mauritius 400 V 50 Hz 4
Mexico 220 V / 480 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Moldova 400 V 50 Hz 4
Monaco 400 V 50 Hz 4
Mongolia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Montenegro 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Montserrat 400 V 60 Hz 4
Morocco 380 V 50 Hz 4
Mozambique 380 V 50 Hz 4
Myanmar (formerly Burma) 400 V 50 Hz 4
Namibia 380 V 50 Hz 4
Nauru 415 V 50 Hz 4
Nepal 400 V 50 Hz 4
Netherlands 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
New Caledonia 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
New Zealand 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Nicaragua 208 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Niger 380 V 50 Hz 4
Nigeria 415 V 50 Hz 4
Northern Ireland 415 V 50 Hz 4
Norway 230 V / 400 V/690 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Oman 415 V 50 Hz 4
Pakistan 400 V 50 Hz 3
Palau 208 V 60 Hz 3
Panama 240 V 60 Hz 3
Papua New Guinea 415 V 50 Hz 4
Paraguay 380 V 50 Hz 4
Peru 220 V 60 Hz 3
Philippines 380 V 60 Hz 3
Poland 400 V 50 Hz 4
Portugal 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Puerto Rico 480 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Qatar 415 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Réunion 400 V 50 Hz 4
Romania 400 V 50 Hz 4
Russia 380 V 50 Hz 4
Rwanda 400 V 50 Hz 4
Saint Lucia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Sint Eustatius 220 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Sint Maarten 220 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 400 V 50 Hz 4
Samoa 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
San Marino 400 V 50 Hz 4
São Tomé and Príncipe 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Saudi Arabia 400 V 60 Hz 4
Scotland 415 V 50 Hz 4
Senegal 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Serbia 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Seychelles 240 V 50 Hz 3
Sierra Leone 400 V 50 Hz 4
Singapore 400 V 50 Hz 4
Slovakia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Slovenia 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Somalia 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Somaliland 380 V 50 Hz 3, 4
South Africa 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
South Korea 380 V 60 Hz 4
South Sudan 400 V 50 Hz 4
Spain 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Sri Lanka 400 V 50 Hz 4
Suriname 220 V / 400 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Swaziland 400 V 50 Hz 4
Sweden 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Switzerland 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Syria 380 V 50 Hz 3
Tahiti 380 V 50 Hz / 60 Hz 3, 4
Taiwan 220 V 60 Hz 4
Tajikistan 380 V 50 Hz 3
Tanzania 415 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Thailand 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Togo 380 V 50 Hz 4
Tonga 415 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Trinidad & Tobago 115/230 V / 230/400 V 60 Hz 4
Tunisia 380 V, 400 V  (possibly also 208/380 V) 50 Hz 4
Turkey 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Turkmenistan 380 V 50 Hz 3
Turks and Caicos Islands 240 V 60 Hz 4
Uganda 415 V 50 Hz 4
Ukraine 400 V 50 Hz 4
United Arab Emirates (UAE) 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
United Kingdom (UK) 415 V 50 Hz 4
USA 120/208 V, 277/480V, 120/240V, 240V /415V 60 Hz 3, 4
United States Virgin Islands 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Uruguay 380 V 50 Hz 3
Uzbekistan 380 V 50 Hz 4
Vanuatu 400 V 50 Hz 3, 4
Venezuela 120 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Vietnam 380 V 50 Hz 4
Virgin Islands (British) 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Virgin Islands (USA) 190 V 60 Hz 3, 4
Wales 415 V 50 Hz 4
Yemen 400 V 50 Hz 4
Zambia 400 V 50 Hz 4
Zimbabwe 415 V 50 Hz 3, 4

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AC Three-phase Calculations and Design

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Calculation with line-to-line voltage

The phase current I in amps (A) is equal to 1000 times the power P in kilowatts (kW), divided by the square root of 3 times the power factor PF times the line-to-line RMS voltage VL-L in volts (V):

I(A) = 1000 × P(kW) / (√3 × PF × VL-L(V) )

Calculation with the line to neutral voltage

The phase current I in amps (A) is equal to 1000 times the power P in kilowatts (kW), divided by three times the power factor PF times the line to neutral RMS voltage VL-N in volts (V):

I(A) = 1000 × P(kW) / (3 × PF × VL-N(V) )

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Power Factor

In AC circuits, the power factor is the ratio of the real power used to do work and the apparent power supplied to the circuit.

The power factor can get values in the range from 0 to 1.

One is a good number.

When all the power is reactive with no real power  – the power factor is 0.

When all the power is real power with no reactive power – the power factor is 1.

Three-phase circuit calculation

For three-phase with balanced loads:

Calculation with line-to-line voltage

I(A)=Line (load) Current

f(Hz)= Frequency of supply

VL-L(V)= Line to Line Volts (Delta)

VL-N(V)= Line to Neutral Volts (Wye/Star)

Power factor calculation:

PF = |cos φ| = 1000 × P(kW) / (√3 × VL-L(V) × I(A))

Apparent power calculation:

|S(kVA)| = √3 × VL-L(V) × I(A) / 1000

Reactive power calculation:

Q(kVAR) = √(|S(kVA)|2 – P(kW)2)

Power factor correction capacitor’s capacitance calculation:

Qc (kVAR) = Q(kVAR) – Qcorrected (kVAR)

C(F) = 1000 × Qc (kVAR) / (2πf(Hz)×VL-L(V)2)

Calculation with a line to neutral voltage

Power factor calculation:

PF = |cos φ| = 1000 × P(kW) / (3 × VL-N(V) × I(A))

Apparent power calculation:

|S(kVA)| = 3 × VL-N(V) × I(A) / 1000

Reactive power calculation:

Q(kVAR) = √(|S(kVA)|2 – P(kW)2)

Power factor correction capacitor’s capacitance calculation:

Qc (kVAR) = Q(kVAR) – Qcorrected (kVAR)

C(F) = 1000 × Qc (kVAR) / (3×2πf(Hz)×VL-N(V)2)

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